Retraction

The papers published in the Vietnam Journal of Education will be considered to retract in the publication if:

- They have clear evidence that the findings are unreliable, either as a result of misconduct (e.g. data fabrication) or honest error (e.g. miscalculation or experimental error).

- The findings have previously been published elsewhere without proper cross-referencing and permission or justification (i.e. cases of redundant publication).

- It constitutes plagiarism.

- It reports unethical research.

- The mechanism of retraction follows the Retraction Guidelines of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) which can be accessed at https://publicationethics.org.